Epistolary legacy of Academician D.I. Yavornytskyi (Issue 5)

18.07.2023 Олександр Тарнавський Source Publications 0

Compilers: S. Abrosymova, N. Vasylenko, A. Perkova, K. Telezhniak, I. Timofeeva, Ya. Tymoshenko

With the participation of: T. Arkhipova, G. Bulatnikova, G. Zubkova, V. Lazebnyk, L. Markova, K. Nedra, A. Podolyan, M. Podosinova, M. Serdyuk, N. Stepanenko, M. Tikhonova, M. Chabana

Under the general editorship of Honored Worker of Culture of Ukraine N. Kapustina

Reviewer: Honored Worker of Culture of Ukraine, Candidate of Historical Sciences V. Beketov

Epistolary legacy of Academician D. I. Yavornytskyi. Vol. 5: Letters of relatives, friends and acquaintances to D. I. Yavornytsky / Compilers: S. Abrosymov, N. Vasylenko, A. Perkova, etc.; In general ed. N. Kapustina. D.: ART-PRESS, 2010. p. 952

The collection represents part of the epistolary heritage of the outstanding Ukrainian historian of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks and the founder of the Dnipropetrovsk Historical Museum, academician Dmytro Ivanovich Yavornytskyi (1855–1940). The collection contains 787 letters to D. Yavornytskyi from 82 correspondents – relatives, friends, acquaintances. The letters highlight the life and creative path of the scientist, his relations with relatives and friends, the genealogy of his family, as well as the social context in which D. Yavornytskyi lived and worked. All letters (except those of Ya. Shchogolev) are kept in the Dnipropetrovsk Historical Museum and represent a valuable source of the history of the cultural and social life of Ukraine. XIX – the first third of the XX century. The book is offered to a wide readership, to everyone who is interested in the history and culture of Ukraine, genealogy and biography.

Contents

  • From the compilers         3
  • Letters of D. I. Yavornytskyi to relatives, friends and acquaintances         20
  • Comments          729
  • Name index of correspondents whose letters are represented in this collection 864
  • Name index         866
  • Geographic index         888
  • Subject index         900
  • Biographical index         912
  • List of abbreviations         947

From the compilers

Today, in connection with the humanization of science, the focus of which is man in all his life manifestations, there is significant public and research interest in sources of personal origin, primarily private correspondence, which is the object of research of a special historical discipline – epistolology [1]. Letters (these “human documents of the era”) are considered not only as a means of communication and an intermediary containing data about historical facts, but also as a historical and cultural phenomenon, a specific carrier of information. Private correspondence is a multifunctional source that can combine several functions and be business and creative, lyrical and pragmatic, etc. at the same time. In addition to the communicative function, private correspondence, like memoirs, has the purpose of self-expression, self-awareness and self-observation of the individual [2].
Private correspondence is a “conversation”, a “conversation at a distance”, a peculiar form of discussion of social, literary, philosophical and personal everyday problems. For Ukraine during the times of enslavement, the ban (until 1905) on the printing of books and periodicals in the native language (according to the Valuev circular of 1863 and the Em decree of 1876), the impossibility of frankly expressing personal opinions and discussing the most pressing problems of Ukrainian life at that time, correspondence acquired special importance figures of the Ukrainian liberation movement of the 19th century – beginning 20th century, which, according to D. Doroshenko, has a national-patriotic sound and refers primarily to the times before the First World War and the pre-revolutionary period [3].

Letters reflect the inner world of a person, his worldview, private and emotional life, in them you can feel the “breath of the individual”[4] and was reflected with the greatest relief the relationship between the individual and the social in social life. The era, its mundanity and fateful events were reflected in the correspondence. A private letter is considered as a complete revelation of a person’s moral character, as “an image of his soul.” First of all, it concerns the correspondence of relatives, friends, acquaintances. At one time, O. Lazarevsky noted that “the correspondence of close people among themselves is of greater interest, and the correspondence of spouses is even greater” [5]. Family and friendly correspondence becomes important in the research of “personal history” (“new biographical history”), the focus of which is the story of one life in all its uniqueness and completeness [6], which involves special attention of researchers to such facts of a person’s life as: family, pedigree, childhood, education, service career, private, everyday and emotional life, inner world of a person, environment and surroundings , creative and friendly relations, etc. Complexes of family correspondence contain invaluable genealogical information that allows you to trace the fate of several generations of the family and the connections of its representatives with the social context of the era and see the entire “mosaic” of a person’s life and activity in its small context – the family, the influence of the latter on the formation of personality. Family correspondence is of great value as a source of life history not only of the family, but also of the history of a certain region at a certain time.
The reorientation of humanitarianism from macro- to micro-processes, especially to the problems of the role and place of man in society, caused an archeographic “explosion” regarding private correspondence [7]. The effectiveness of using private correspondence in a wide research area largely depends on the scale and level of archeographic study of epistolary complexes. Over the past two decades, numerous publications of private correspondence [8] have appeared. It can be stated that a solid archeographic base of epistolary sources has been created in Ukraine, dominated by correspondence of the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, which is represented by academic and popular scientific publications, “book” and magazine publications of a nominal and thematic nature with a high level of archeographic elaboration . Epistolary complexes become the object of dissertation research [9].
Along with the intensive publication of private correspondence, its use in specific historical research and applied source studies, significant attention is paid to historical and typological problems, in particular, the study of the “nature” of epistolary sources, the development and justification of the purely terminological apparatus of epistolary source studies, the systematization and classification of letters, their definition functions, methods of their analysis, etc. [10]. Specialists in the field of epistolology I. Voytsehivska and M. Dmitrienko emphasize a complex systematic approach to the analysis of private correspondence and consider the most promising historical-genetic method with detailed systematization and analytical-synthetic criticism of epistolary sources [11]. The multi-functionality of private correspondence, its “multi-layeredness” open wide opportunities for the use and synthesis of various research methods of analysis of this type of written sources. The methods of semiotics and content analysis were successfully tested in the research of epistolary sources [12].
Private correspondence is an invaluable source in the fields of biography, prosopography, intellectual history, “new     family history,” etc. In this type of research, attention is focused on the study of human relationships (micro-contexts), the processes of integration of the individual into society, in one or another context (society, institution, institution, society, circle, etc.). The method of network (network) analysis [13] is effective in studying these relationships that make up social, cultural, intellectual and other networks. At the same time, private correspondence is one of the main (if not the main) sources in this kind of research.
This issue is a continuation of the multi-volume serial archeographic edition of the epistolary legacy of academician Dmytro Ivanovich Yavornytskyi (1855–1940) – a famous Ukrainian scholar-encyclopedist, an outstanding researcher of the history of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, the founder and director (1902–1933) of the Dnipropetrovsk Historical Museum, which bears his name [14].
D. Yavornytskyi’s epistolary heritage (discovered today in various archives) includes 6,574 letters, of which the vast majority (excluding small epistolary forms – 6,059 units) are kept in the Dnipropetrovsk Historical Museum. As a result of the implementation of the museum project developed at the end of the 1980s, four issues have already been published, in which 2,570 letters of scientists, writers, artists, local historians, museum and cultural and public figures to D. Yavornytskyi, as well as letters (490 units) have been published. ) of Dmitry Ivanovich himself [15]. The scientific community gave a positive assessment to these archeographic publications [16]. The museum project envisages a complete publication of the entire epistolary heritage of D. Yavornytskyi according to the alphabetical principle of the arrangement of letters upon publication. This approach in Ukrainian archeographic science is considered optimal and scientifically the most valuable [17]. Simultaneously with the serial publication of the epistolary of D. Yavornytskyi, selective publication of the letters of the scientist’s epistolary heritage is carried out according to personal and thematic principles in scientific collections and periodicals [18].
Over the last two decades, the introduction into scientific circulation of a powerful array of the epistolary heritage of D. Yavornytskyi has significantly intensified the study of the life and work of the famous historian, which is clearly evidenced by the scientific conferences devoted to the anniversaries of the scientist [19]. Various aspects of his biography and scientific activity were highlighted. However, there are still many “white spots”. Dmytro Ivanovych’s personal life has received the least coverage so far, although a series of articles devoted to D. Yavornytskyi’s genealogy and his relations with relatives appeared recently [20]. And that is why the publication of letters to D. Yavornytskyi from his relatives, friends and acquaintances is certainly an urgent task and will contribute to a more in-depth study of the scientist’s life path and the creation of his comprehensive scientific biography. This kind of correspondence serves as a representative source for the study of micro-contexts that made up the “mosaic” of D. Yavornytskyi’s relationships with specific persons of the society of that time. The study of these micro-contexts will allow to “invigorate”, “humanize” the biography of D. Yavornytskyi, to reveal new facts of his life and work, to understand the motivation of certain actions of his, etc. This correspondence is also a source for covering the biographies of the scientist’s correspondents, their private and everyday life, intellectual work, and generally for covering the era in which they lived and worked.
During his long and rich creative life, D. Yavornytskyi, as an open and sociable person, was in constant communication with colleagues, friends, acquaintances, and relatives.
In the 5th issue, letters to D. Yavornytskyi from relatives, friends and acquaintances are represented. The collection contains 787 letters of 82 correspondents. Chronological range of letters: 1879–1940. The social, professional and age spectrum of D. Yavornytskyi’s correspondents, whose letters are concentrated in this issue, is wide. Among the contributors to the historian were representatives of the elite of the contemporary society, titled nobles, statesmen, high military ranks, priests, city and village officials, students, teachers, writers, publishers, cultural and social movement figures, intellectuals, benefactors, estate managers, collectors, volunteers assistants of D. Yavornytskyi in his search work, etc.
The complex of family correspondence is represented by the letters of D. Yavornytskyi’s parents – Anna Matviivna (nee Ternovska) and Ivan Yakimovich Yavornytskyi (Evarnytskyi), as well as their relatives: 1. From the father’s side – Hryhoriy Yavornytskyi Evarnytskyi, his wife Ustyna Ivanivna Evarnytskyi and their daughter Palazhka; Mykhailo Yakimovich Evarnytskyi and his son Tikhon. Dmytro Ivanovych maintained the strongest and most trusting relationship with his cousin Hryhoriy Yakymovych Evarnitsky[21], to whom the scientist informed about the most secret events in his personal life, in particular about the relationship with Elizaveta Shchogoleva (married – Princess Shakhovska).
2. From the side of D. Yavornytskyi’s mother, the letters of her brother (uncle the scientist) Mykola Matviyovych Ternovskyi and his son Mykola Mykolayovych Ternovskyi, a history student at Kyiv University, are published.
In the complex of family correspondence, a block of letters from representatives of the family of Dmytro Ivanovych’s own sister – Gorpina Ivanovna, married to Ponomareva, including letters from her husband Ivan Timofiyovych Ponomarev and their daughters (nee Ponomarovy): 1. Oleksandra Ivanovna Popova and her husband Andrii Petrovych Popov; 2. Hanna Ivanovna Lyubitska; 3. Tatyana Ivanovna Kolomiets. In terms of the number of letters, the largest “blocks” of letters are those of H. Lyubitska (21 units) and T. Kolomiets (23 units).
The letters of relatives (especially nieces) are marked by piety and a respectful attitude towards D. Yavornytskyi, who eventually became a respected scientist. In the letters of almost all relatives, there are constant requests to send money, books, help to get a job, get a pension, help or advise in this or that matter. And Dmytro Ivanovych never left a request unanswered. All the time he helped his parents, sister Horpina, her husband and daughters, cousin Hryhoriy Yavornytskyi and his family. “You are our hope, you are our support in a difficult moment,” wrote the saintly Tetiana Kolomiets (No. 171) to the scientist. The letters of the nieces testify to the influence of D. Yavornytskyi on their choice of profession. Hanna and Tetyana Ponomaryova became teachers. Dmytro Ivanovych’s diligence, perseverance and purposefulness served as an example for the younger generation of his family. “Your words about unceasing work have sunk deep into my soul and, thanks to them, I work like an ox”, – we read in one of the letters of Hanna Ponomaryova (No. 291), whom her relatives called “Uncle Yavornytskyi” (No. 289). Dmytro Ivanovych involved his nieces in his folklore and lexical research. Tetyana Ponomaryova (married Kolomiets) was a particularly active helper in this. At her uncle’s request, she wrote down songs, tales, fairy tales, and surnames and sent this material to her uncle. In addition to Tetyana Kolomiets’ letters, five letters from D. Yavornytskyi to her have been preserved, in which the scientist gave her advice on the methodology of folklore recordings and thanked her for the material sent [22] .
Letters (No. 165, 166) of Serhii Petrovych Kokin, the brother of Varvara Petrivna Kokina, the first wife of D. Yavornytskyi, are added to the complex of family correspondence. These letters show that even after the divorce, Dmytro Ivanovych helped her and her family financially.
One of the largest in terms of the number of letters (74 units) and duration of correspondence (1886–1908) in this issue is a set of letters of the landowner Fyodor Ivanovich Mikheev, whom D. Yavornytskyi calls his distant relative. In the letters of F. Mikheev, D. Yavornytskyi is characterized as a talented artist-writer (No. 369), who was endowed by nature with “God’s gift”, and therefore he is obliged to “create and create” (No. 380). F. Mikheev believed that creativity is the meaning of Dmytro Ivanovich’s life, “his strength and his glory” (No. 385). However, according to Fyodor Ivanovych, D. Yavornytsky reacted rather painfully to the harsh criticism of his works and unfairly belittled their importance (No. 381).
Another large set of letters (63 items) belongs to Pyotr Ivanovich Babkin, a friend of D. Yavornytskyi and the owner of a large typolithography and phototype in St. Petersburg. His letters refer to the publication of the 3rd volume of “History of the Zaporozhian Cossacks” (St. Petersburg, 1897) and “In the Footsteps of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks” (St. Petersburg, 1898), the censor ban of the last book, the historian’s stay in Central Asia; the creative laboratory of D. Yavornytskyi, his work on sources, archaeological research, master’s exams and thesis defense, trial lectures at Moscow University in the fall of 1896 are covered. P. Babkin considered D. Yavornytskyi a person of a deep sensitive soul (No. 35), “a sincere Cossack “, a talented son of Ukraine (No. 4). The information gathered in the letters of P. Babkin allows us to outline the circle of D. Yavornytskyi’s friends from St. Petersburg, to shed light on the activities of the Ukrainian community in St. Petersburg, in particular, the organization of Shevchenko evenings. P. Babkin materially and morally supported D. Yavornytskyi. During the scientist’s despair, illness, and disbelief in his own strength, P. Babkin encouraged Dmytro Ivanovych: “Cheer up, my dear, and don’t run away from the field of activity that you cultivated and sowed with such love. There will be fruits, only patience is needed” (No. 13).
The relations of D. Yavornytskyi with the figures of the Ukrainian national movement, members of the Ukrainian communities of St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kuban are highlighted in the letters of S. V. Vaganov, V. P. Vasyutynskyi, V. Ya. Holovatskyi, S. I. Erastov, and G. I. Rossolimo , F. M. Svarychevskii and others. The letters of Stepan Ivanovich Erastov, a prominent figure of the Ukrainian national and cooperative movement in the Kuban, the organizer of the Kuban Prosvita, deserve special attention. Such facts from D. Yavornytskyi’s biography become known from his letters, such as: the scientist’s intention to move to the Kuban, S. Erastov’s proposal to nominate D. Yavornytskyi as a candidate in the 1901 elections of the mayor of Katerynodar (No. 156). Highly appreciating the patriotic feelings of D. Yavornytskyi, as “a sincere Ukrainian who is hurt by all kinds of public measures in favor of Ukraine”, S. Erastov placed special hopes on him in the development of the Ukrainian national movement (No. 163).
The creative laboratory of D. Yavornytskyi, the organization of his research, primarily archaeological, the “creative life” of a scientist, his combination of creative and friendly relations and much more from the daily life of a historian – all this was reflected in his correspondence with representatives of the Synelnikov family – descendants of the ruler of the Katerynoslav Governorship I M. Sinelnikov, about whom Dmytro Ivanovych wrote several articles. In the “ensemble” of human relations in which D. Yavornytsky was during his life, his friendship with the Synelnikovs occupies a significant place, including in the creative plan [23].
In this collection, the Synelnikov epistolary is represented by the letters of General Oleksiy Mykolaivych Synelnikov; his sister Sophia Mykolayivna von Thal (in her first marriage – Comstadius); their cousin Olga Ivanovna Leonova (née Synelnikova); son of S. M. von Thal – General Mykola Mykolayovych Comstadius; third cousin of the latter – Mykola Viktorovich Kovalevskyi. This complex includes the letters of a representative of another branch of this family – Volodymyr Pavlovich Synelnikov and Princess Yulia Petrivna Khilkova – Sinelnikov’s sister-in-law from the Seletsk family.
Thematically, this complex includes the letters of the friend of M. M. Komstadius and D. Yavornytskyi, the Kherson lawyer Luka Karpovich Popov, as well as the letters of the manager of the estate of General I. V. Synelnikov, Oleksiy Vasylyovych Vasiliev, and the amateur archaeologist Ivan Ivanovich Chaikin, a village teacher from the Oleksandrovsky District, who participated in the archaeological research of D. Yavornytskyi in the estate of M. M. Komstadius Faliivtsi.
In this complex, the “blocks” of the letters of O. M. Synelnikov, M. M. Comstadius and S. M. von Thal are distinguished by their volume and content. D. Yavornytskyi had a strong friendship with these persons, especially during the 1890s – 1910s. It was this correspondence that allowed him to reconstruct the process of creating D. Yavornytskyi’s book “The History of the Village of Faleevka Sadova” (St. Petersburg, 1892), to recreate a creative laboratory scientist, the atmosphere that prevailed in his surroundings at that time, in particular, the archaeological excavations in Faliivka – the estate of M.M. Komstadius, where Dmytro Ivanovych repeatedly conducted research, rested, used the wonderful library that was collected by the Synelnikovs – Komstadius for several generations.
All representatives of the Synelnikov family respected and valued D. Yavornytskyi very much, supported him morally and materially, provided money for archaeological and archeographic research. In addition to the “History of the village of Faleevka Sadovoy”, D. Yavornytskyi published the 1st volume of his fundamental monograph “History of the Zaporozhian Cossacks” (St. Petersburg, 1892) at the expense of M. M. Komstadius. L. K. Popov, who in 1891 participated in archaeological research in Faliivka, also provided money for the last book.
In the estates of the Komstadius, Tal, Synelnikov family – in Faliivka, Zhukla, Mikhailovo-Apostolov, in their residences and houses – in St. Petersburg, Kherson, Tsarskoe Selo, Warsaw, Katerynoslav, etc. – Dmytro Ivanovych visited and worked many times.
In the letters of General O. M. Synelnikov, there is talk of archaeological research by D. Yavornytskyi in the Mykhailovo-Apostolove estate, Kherson district. Kherson province. (1897). Here, in the aristocratic barrows “Baba” and “Excavated grave”, unique gold Scythian objects were found, which were exhibited in March 1898 in the Hermitage. In 1899, D. Yavornytskyi reported on research in the estate of O. M. Synelnikov at the XI Archaeological Congress in Kyiv [24].
The letters of this complex also shed light on the work of D. Yavor-nytskyi on the Sinelnikov family archive with the aim of creating a genealogical history of the family at the request of representatives of this family. O. M. Synelnikov, M. M. Komstadius, and especially S. M. Tal took an active part in this project. Active and purposeful in nature, Sofya Mykolaivna was very fond of the history and genealogy of her family. Together with his brother (General O. M. Synelnikov), they restored the monument to great-grandfather I. M. Synelnikov in Kherson. While working on a genealogical project, S. M. Tal studied the “Notes” of her grandmother Sofya Ivanivna Seletska (daughter of the great-granddaughter of Hetman D. Apostol – Maria Danylivna Apostol), which were kept in the Synelnikov family archive. In one of the letters, S. M. Tal offered D. Yavornytskyi a plan for a future book about the Synelnikov family and even “quoted” a rather large fragment from S. I. Seletska’s memoirs. Unfortunately, this project did not materialize.
As the correspondence shows, together with O. M. Synelnikov, D. Yavornytskyi worked on another creative project – a biographical essay about the son of O. M. Synelnikov – Ivan Oleksiiovich Synelnikov (1889–1915), who died heroically during the First World War (Cornet of the reconnaissance squadron of the 12th Okhtyr Hussar Regiment). However, the calamities of revolutions and civil war canceled this project.
In addition, the Synelnikovs contributed to replenishing the collections of the Katerynoslav regional museum named after OHM. [25] fields.
The complex represented by the letters of the Urusov princes is significant, in which the letters of Mykola Petrovich Urusov (18 units) and his wife Vera Georgievna (née Alekseeva) (55 units) – the daughter of Georgy Petrovich Alekseev – a close friend of D. Yavornytskyi, deserve special attention < a href=”#26″>[26].
Since 1894, Dmytro Ivanovych became friends with the influential prince M. P. Urusov, thanks to whom a two-volume collection of documents sought by the historian “Sources for the History of the Zaporozhian Cossacks” was published (Vladimir, 1903). D. Yavornytsky repeatedly turned to Prince M. P. Urusov with his own requests and asked for others. The historian was a welcome guest in the residence of the Urusovs in St. Petersburg, Vladimir, Poltava, Katerynoslav, in estates in Katerynoslav region – in Pankivka, and especially – in Kotovka. Mykola Petrovych and Vira Georgiivna were very interested in the works of D. Yavornytskyi, supported him materially, and facilitated the reading of public lectures. In particular, in 1909, M. P. Urusov suggested to Dmytro Ivanovych to publish his public lectures in a separate book (No. 656).
D. Yavornytskyi corresponded with V. G. Urusova (1894–1926) for quite a long time. From her letters, we learn about the scientist’s circle of communication in the cities of Vladimir (in Klyazma) and Poltava, about the charitable activities of D. Yavornytskyi and the Urusov couple, about leisure time in Kotovka, the activities of the Katerynoslav branch of the Red Cross Society, about difficult times for the museum named after O. M. Pol and its director in the summer of 1917 (No. 710). Let us note V. G. Urusova’s letters from Italy in the 1920s, where she and her mother were in exile. In these letters, highly educated, observant and not devoid of literary flair, Vera Georgievna describes in detail and vividly the nature, daily life and customs of the local population.
Another set of letters from representatives of the same family name is represented by the letters of the Rodzianks (descendants of the famous Ukrainian Cossack-elder family): Mykhailo Volodymyrovych Rodzianko (head of the Katerynoslav Provincial Land Administration, head of the State Duma of the Russian Empire), Anna Mykolaiv-ny Rodzianko (wife of M. V. Rodzianko) and Serhiy Mykolayovych Rodzianka (later M. V. Rodzianka, leader of the nobility of Novomoskovsk region, Katerynoslav province). In the letters of this complex, especially in the letters of M. V. Rodzianka, there is talk about the creation of a museum named after O. M. Pol, the appointment of D. Yavornytskyi to the position of director of this museum, about the participation of the Rodzianks in replenishing the museum collection (Nos. 452, 455). The letters reflect friendly relations between D. Yavornytskyi and M. V. Rod-Ziank. In his letters to D. Yavornytskyi, the latter called the scientist “father”, “father-koshov” (Nos. 441–443). Dmytro Ivanovych often visited M. V. Rodzianka, whom he met long before he moved to Katerynoslav. Their correspondence began in 1889. An interesting fact. During the revolution of 1905–1907, M. V. Rodzianko involved D. Yavornytskyi in active political life, in particular, in the creation of a local committee of the Octobrist party (Nos. 445–448). At the request of M. V. Rodzianka, Dmytro Ivanovych translated the “Manifesto” into Ukrainian on February 19, 1905 (it was published) and edited (albeit formally) several issues of the “Russkaya Pravda” newspaper.
Museum activities of D. Yavornytskyi, the history of the creation of the museum named after O. M. Pol, the formation and replenishment of his collections and other aspects of museum life are highlighted in the letters of S. S. and V. S. Dekonsky, Yu. Mykhailiv, M. M. Lebed, O. M. Orbeliani, P. I. Porubaeva, G. M. Rodzianko, S. M. Rodzianka, M. V. Rubanistogo, M. F. Tushkan, P. M. Sochinsky. For example, thanks to P. M. Sochinsky’s rather active collecting activities, Zaporozhian relics, “Cossack Mamai” paintings, weapons, and a model of the Novomoskovsk Cathedral came to the museum funds. He searched for the correspondence of the last commander of the Zaporizhzhya army, P. Kalnyshevskyi, with Colonel O. Kolpak (No. 494).
In the letters of the teacher of the Katerynoslav Classical Gymnasium, F. V. Lokot, there is talk of financing D. Yavornytskyi’s archaeological research in 1915, and about the organization of his lectures in Luhansk (1912).
Archaeologist O. K. Takhtai in his letters touches on the problems of the complex scientific expedition to the Dniprobudi, which was headed by D. Yavornytskyi in 1927–1932. O. K. Takhtai also reported on the tragic events that took place at the beginning of 1930s in museums, when old frames were “cleaned” from them (No. 592).
The letters of many contributors reflect the talent of D. Yavor-nytskyi to encourage representatives of various layers of society to search for and collect (collect) historical monuments, to archaeological, topographical and genealogical research. A clear confirmation of this is the letters of Oleksiy Vasyliovych Vasiliev, the manager of the estate of General I.V. Sinelnikov. Correspondence with O. V. Vasiliev dates back to the beginning of D. Yavornytskyi’s scientific career, in particular, when he was working on his first monograph “Zaporozhye v ostatkah stariny i pra-daniyakh naroda” (St. Petersburg, 1888). Under the influence of D. Yavornytskyi’s research passion and energy, seeing in him a man who was “both by family and by heart”, O. V. Vasiliev wished “at least a grain of it would be brought into the general knowledge of any science so that, dying , to realize and feel – it was not for nothing that he lived, he burdened the earth for nothing” (No. 83). And he actively helped D. Yavornytskyi in his historical and geographical research, in the search for cartographic materials, in the production of maps and plans. O. V. Vasiliev also involved his son, a student of Kharkiv University, in this.
Human qualities of D. Yavornytskyi, such as sincerity, humanity, kindness, desire to help and support those in need, were reflected in many letters of this issue. Thus, the photographer S. Krasnoshchokov, in whose affairs D. Yavornytskyi took part, treated Dmytro Ivanovich with “brotherly love” and sincerely shared his thoughts, reminded the historian to remember that there are people in the world, to whom D. Yavor-nytskyi “has no relatives”, and who will become a mountain behind which he can hide. (No. 238).
Special gratitude goes to the letters of P. P. Filevskyi, a teacher at the Taganrog Girls’ Gymnasium (also a graduate of the History and Philology Faculty of Kharkiv University), who repeatedly brought his students on excursions to Katerynoslav (to the O.M. Pol Museum and to the Dnieper rapids) and to whom Dmytro Ivanovych came to the rescue during a difficult life situation.
The surprisingly sincere and emotional letters of the artist and writer T. S. Kotenko contain an assessment of the literary works of D. Yavornytskyi, reflections on the artist’s mission, a description of the state in which at the beginning of the 20th century. there was Ukrainian painting culture, support for its development (Nos. 224, 227). The foxes reflect the hard work of T. S. Kotenko, his thirst for knowledge, for mastering the skill of a painter. One cannot without excitement read the lines of his letters in which he addressed D. Yavornytskyi with the words: “My dear friend, the friend of my heart, the teacher of my unlearned mind, the soothsayer of an aching heart… my sincere friend…” (No. 221). For T. S. Kotenka, D. Yavornytskyi remained “indomitable in the militant struggle for the Ukrainian cause” (No. 228).
D. Yavornytskyi was called his “beloved teacher and mentor” by the artist Yu. S. Mykhailiv (No. 32), who was fascinated by the poetic works of Dmytro Ivanovych (No. 314). In the letter of M. Yu. Obidny, his poetic work is included in honor of the 30-year anniversary of the literary and scientific activity of D. Yavor-nytskyi (No. 400).
In the 5th issue, the letters of well-known figures of the Ekaterinoslav Prosvita are published, such as: L.A. Glinka, T.D. Tataryn (he was exiled to Irkutsk province for his participation in the Ukrainian national movement; the author of “Thoughts about Siberian Slavery”, which he dedicated to D. Yavornytskyi), S. O. Lypkovskyi (chairman of the “Prosvita” society), P. F. Tushkan and others.
The set of letters of the Kharkiv poet, Ukrainian public figure and friend of D. Yavornytskyi Yakov Ivanovich Shchogolev (23 letters from 1884–1891) is significant, in which they talk about the creative work of the scientist, painful reaction to criticism of his works (No. 779), creative and friendly relations, about D. Yavornytskyi’s family drama (split with his first wife), his state of health, etc.
In the epistolary represented in this issue, in addition to the personal life, family and friendship relations of D. Yavornytskyi, and his work, many other aspects are also highlighted, including: cultural and public life in Ukraine and in general in the Russian Empire at the end of the 19th century – at the beginning 20th century, activity of Ukrainian communities in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kuban, life and activity of individual figures of science and culture, public and political movement. Issues of literary studies, ethnography, folkloristics, linguistics, publishing, archaeological science, museum work, collecting, charitable activities, activities of various societies, including cultural and educational society “Prosvita”, etc. Undoubtedly, the dominant information is that which concerns D. Yavornytskyi and which makes it possible to imagine Dmytro Ivanovych in the “status” of a son, brother, uncle, husband, friend, colleague, like-minded person, etc.
All letters printed here (except letters of Ya. Shchogolev; Nos. 762–784) are stored in the Dnipropetrovsk Historical Museum. The vast majority of letters are published for the first time. Separate letters of Hanna and Ivan Yavornytskyi (Evarnytskyi), T. Kolomiets, Dekonskyi, M. Komstadius, O. Synelnikov, S. von Thal, and Ya. Shchogolev were previously published. The first printing of these letters is discussed in the comments to each letter.
Letters are published in alphabetical order. The letters of each correspondent are presented chronologically. The architecture of the collection includes an introductory article, purely letters and scientific reference apparatus (commentary, name, geographical, subject and biographical indexes, list of conventional abbreviations). The commentary gives explanations of the personalities, works, printed bodies mentioned in the letters, as well as the events mentioned or hinted at in the letters. Detailed information about personalities and other nominal realities is provided, as a rule, at the first mention.
Continuous serial numbering of letters is provided in the collection. Letters are published in the original language. The morphological and syntactic features of the original texts, which are transmitted in modern spelling, are preserved during publication. Defective and unread places are marked with three dots in square brackets. The editor’s date and place of writing the letter are placed under the correspondent’s last name on the left. The author’s date is indicated in the text of the letter according to its place in the autograph. The address (on the envelope) and the legend [the place of storage and the cipher (inventory number) of the letter] are placed under the text of the letter on the left.
The compilers of the collection express their sincere gratitude for scientific consultations, fruitful help and comprehensive support to the researchers who took part in the preparation for the publication of this collection: Dnipropetrovsk writer and local historian M. Chaban, researcher of her own genealogy H. Orbeliani-Bulatnikova, Odesa literary critic and bibliographer H. Zlenka , to Dnipropetrovsk museum researchers T. Arkhipova, I. Gurova, G. Zubkova, V. Lazebnyk, L. Markova, M. Pidosynova, A. Podolyan, M. Serdyuk, N. Stepanenko, M. Tikhonova, V. Khodasu, T Tsymlyakova, chief custodian of the Dnipropetrovsk Historical Museum T. Zvorykinia.
This collection is offered to humanities scientists, culture and art workers, students of humanities universities, teachers, local historians, and everyone who is interested in the history and culture of Ukraine.

Notes

  1. Special historical disciplines / Ed. V. A. Zamlynskogo, M. F. Dmytryenko. K., 1992. P. 307–311; Dmitrienko M., Voitsekhivska I. Epistolography (epistolology) as a science of the historical cycle: problems and ways to solve them // Special historical disciplines: issues of theory and methodology. Coll. of science etc. and memories. In memory of the outstanding scientist-historian, member of the Cor. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Ivan Oleksandrovych Gurzhiy. K., 1998. Part 2. P. 37–43; I. N. Voitsekhivska, V. P. Lyakhotsky, Epistolology. A brief historical essay. K., 1998; Voytsehivska I. Epistolology // Encyclopaedia of History of Ukraine. K.: Science. dumka, 2005. Vol. 3. P. 42; Abrosymova S. V. Epistolary sources in their historical life and research area // DIAZ / Ed. O. I. Zhurby. D.: Lira, 2009. Vol. 3. P. 57–115.
  • Kovalchenko I.D. Historical source in the world of information science. (To the formulation of the problem) // History of the USSR. 1982. No. 3. P. 137.
  • Doroshenko D. In the case of publishing memoirs and correspondence (several comments and desiderata) // Old Ukraine: Journal of History and Culture. Lviv, 1924. Book. IX-X. P. 139–142.
  • Diltey V. Literary archives and their importance for studying the history of philosophy // Questions of philosophy. 1995. No. 5. P. 128, 129.
  • A. L[azarevsky]. Four letters from the wife of the regimental train driver Evdokia Sakhnovskaya to her husband. 1743–44 // CS. 1891. No. 1. P. 177.
  • About this, see: Repina L. P., Zvereva V. V., Paramonova M. Yu. History of historical knowledge . M.: Drofa, 2004.           P. 262– 268.
  • O. I. Zhurba. The role of archeography in the preservation of written historical monuments // Humanitarian magazine. 2003. No. 1. P. 16.
  • the end of the 19th – the first third of the 20th century. // Archives of Ukraine. 1995. No. 4–6. pp. 81–88; Abrosymova S. Archeography as a summary of modern historical science in Ukraine (“Ukrainian archeographic yearbook”. Issue 1-11. 1992–2006) // Eidos: Almanac of the theory and history of historical science. – K., 2008. – Vol. 3. – Part 1. – pp. 440-441; She herself. Epistolary sources in their historical life and research area // DIAZ / Ed. O. I. Zhurby. D.: Lira, 2009. Vol. 3. P. 81–84.

  • I. M. Zabiaka Epistolary legacy of Vasyl Horlenka. K., 2002; I.M. Starovoytenko Correspondence of Yevhen Chikalenko as a historical source: Author’s Ref. thesis … candidate history of science K., 2004.
  • Myronova I. A. Epistolary sources of the XIX century. // Theory and methods of source knowledge and auxiliary historical disciplines. M., 1985. P. 121–130; Dmitrienko M., Voitsekhivska I. Epistolography (epistolology) as a science of the historical cycle: problems and ways to solve them // Special historical disciplines: issues of theory and methodology. Coll. of science etc. and memories. In memory of the outstanding scientist-historian, member of the Cor. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Ivan Oleksandrovych Gurzhiy. K., 1998. Part 2. P. 23–45.
  • Dmytrienko M., Voytsehivska I. Epistolography (epistolology) as a science of the historical cycle: problems and ways to solve them. P. 39–40.
  • Paperno I. A. Correspondence as a complete text // Academic notes of the Tartu State University. Tartu, 1977. Vol. 420. P. 71–81; Naumov E. Yu. Private correspondence of the 19th – early 20th centuries. as an object of archeographic analysis // AE for 1986, Moscow, 1987, pp. 35–45; Marasynova E. N. Psychology of the elite of the Russian nobility of the last third of the 18th century. (According to correspondence materials). M.: ROSSPEN, 1999; Sureva N. Correspondence of the Nechaev family as a source from the history of the nobility of Southern Ukraine at the end of the 18th – the first half of the 19th century // Epistolary heritage of the Nechaev family (end of the 18th – the first half of the 20th century) / Editors: S. Abrosymova, I. Antsyshkin, N. Sureva and others; Science ed. A. Boyko. Zaporizhzhia: RA “Tandem – U”, 2003. P. 21–28.
  • The method of network (network) systems is represented in the conceptual article: Kolesnyk I. I. Intellectual community as a means of legitimizing the cultural history of Ukraine. 19th century // UIZH. 2008. No. 1. P. 169–193.
  • About D. Yavornytskyi, see: Gapusenko I. M. Dmytro Ivanovich Yavornytskyi. K., 1969; Shubravska M. M. D. I. Yavornytskyi: Life, folkloristic and ethnographic activity. K., 1972. Shapoval I. M. In Search of Treasures. Day, 1990; He himself. Cossack father: the image of D. I. Yavornytskyi in the memories of writers, cultural and scientific figures. Kryvyi Rih, 1998; Abrosymova S. Dmytro Yavornytskyi. Zaporizhzhia, 1997; She herself. Encyclopedist of the Cossacks // UIZH. 2005. No. 4. P. 4–46.
  • The epistolary legacy of academician D. I. Yavornytskyi. Vol. 1: Letters of scientists to D. I. Yavornytskyi / Edited by: S. V. Abrosymova, A. I. Perkova, O. V. Pitsyk and others. D.: Gamaliya, 1997. 888 p.; Vol. 2: Letters of cultural figures to D. I. Yavornytsky / Edited by: S. V. Abrosymova, N. E. Vasylenko, A. I. Perkova, etc.; Under general ed. N. I. Kapustina. D., 1999. 460 p.; Vol. 3: Letters of museum officials to D. I. Yavornytskyi / Edited by. S. V. Abrosymova, N. E. Vasylenko, A. I. Perkova, etc.; Under general ed. N. I. Kapustina. D.: ART-PRESS, 2005. 740 p.; Vol. 4: Letters of D. I. Yavornytskyi to figures of science and culture / Edited by. S. V. Abrosymova, N. E. Vasylenko, A. I. Perkova, etc.; Under general ed. N. I. Kapustina. D.: ART-PRESS, 2005. 500 p.
  • Lytvynova T. F. Letters to Dmytro Yavornytskyi [Rec. in the book: Epistolary legacy of Academician D. I. Yavornytskyi. D., 1997. Vol. 1: Letters of scientists to D. I. Yavornytskyi. 888 p.] // CS. 1999. No. 3. P. 172–175; Dmytrienko M.F. [Rec. in the book: Epistolary legacy of Academician D. I. Yavornytskyi. D., 1999. Vol. 2: Letters of cultural figures to D. I. Yavornytskyi. 460 p.] // UIZH. 2005. No. 4. P. 210–213; Beketova V. M., Zhurba O. I. “Dnipropetrovsk Cossacks” (the history of the Cossacks in the works of Dnipropetrovsk historians of the last decade) // Sicheslav Almanac. Collection of scientific works on the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks / Chief editor. H. K. Shvydko. D.: NGU, 2005. Vol. 1. P.13.
  • 20th century // Archives of Ukraine. 1995. No. 4–6. P. 81–88.

  • The most significant selective publication was prepared for the 150th anniversary of the birth of D. Yavornytskyi. See: From the epistolary legacy of Academician D. I. Yavornytskyi / Introductory article. and documents to be printed S. V. Abrosymova, N. E. Vasylenko, A. I. Perkova // UIZ. 2005. No. 5. P. 114–165. From the last publ. see: L. V. Ivannikova, Yu. A. Mytsik From the newly discovered correspondence of D. I. Yavornytsky // DIAZ / Ed. O. I. Zhurby. D.: Lira, 2009. Vol. 3. P. 671–686. Telezhnyak K. O. Letters from representatives of the Dekonsky family to D. I. Yavornytsky // Ibid. P. 549–561.
  • Scientist-ascetic: The life path and literary heritage of D.I., a well-known archaeologist, historiographer, local historian and ethnographer in the Dnieper region. Yavornytskyi: (Materials of scientific-practical conference, dedicated to the 135th anniversary of the scientist’s birth). October 26-27, 1990. D., 1991; Regional and general in history: Theses of the international of science conf., adj. On the 140th anniversary of the birth of D. I. Yavornytskyi and the 90th anniversary of the XIII Archaeological Congress (November 1995). D., 1995; The figure of D. I. Yavornytsky against the background of the historical era // Grani. – 2005. – No. 5. – P. 3–85.
  • Timofeeva I.M. Some information about D. Yavornytskyi’s family from his epistolary heritage // From the past of the Dnieper region. D.: Dnipro, 1995. P. 41–45; Telezhnyak K. O. “Dear Uncle”. (From the history of the private life of Academician D. I. Yavornytskyi) // Humanitarian magazine. 2004. No. 1–2. pp. 185–187; She herself. D. I. Yavornytskyi in relations with parents // Grani. D., 2005. No. 5. P. 29–31; She herself. From the personal life of Academician D. I. Yavornytsky // Treasures of museums: Materials of the region. of science conf. to the International Day of Museums. 2003. D.: ART-PRESS, 2005. P. 102–106; Paramonov A.F. To the history of the Yavornytsky family // Kharkiv historical almanac. 2004. Spring – summer. pp. 110–113; Kochergin I.O. Family and family of Dmytro Ivanovich Yavornytskyi // Sicheslavsky almanac: Collection. of science pr. on the history of the Ukrainian Cossacks / Gol. ed. H. K. Shvydko. D.: NSU, 2006. Vol. 2. P. 59–64; He himself. D. I. Yavornytsky: Life without makeup // Expedition XXI. 2007. No. 1 (63). pp. 6–7; Abrosymova S. V., Paramonov A. F. Dmytro Yavornytskyi and his genealogy. Kharkiv: Kharkiv Private Museum of the City Manor, 2009.
  • D. Yavornytskyi calls Hryhori Yakimovich Yavornytskyi (Evarnytskyi) a cousin; see letter of D. Yavornytskyi to K. Bilylovsky dated October 7, 1898: ESY. Vol. 4. P. 41. However, in the genealogical list of the Yavornytsky family, which was carried out by A. F. Paramonov, Hryhoriy Yakymovych Yavornytskyi is indicated as the uncle of D. Yavornytskyi. See: Abrosymova S. V., Paramonov A. F. Dmytro Yavornytskyi and his genealogy. Kharkiv, 2009. P. 89.
  • ESY. Vol. 4. P. 77–79.
  • Letters of the descendants of Ivan Maksimovich Sinelnikov – the first governor of Yekaterinoslav / Composer: S. V. Abrosimova, V. V. Sinelnikov. Odessa: Astroprint, 1999 – 2003. Vol. 1–4; Synel’nikov V. V. D. I. Yavornytskyi in the circle of Faliiv friends // Grani. D., 2005. No. 5. P. 33–36; Abrosymova S. V. The Synelnikov family in the life and work of D. I. Yavornytskyi // Prominent personalities. Museum personnel. D.: ART-PRESS, 2008. P. 10–24.
  • Mykhailove-Apostolove, and the farm of O. V. Volkova) // Proceedings of the XI Archaeological Congress in Kyiv. M., 1901. Vol. 1. pp. 718–735.

  • S. V. Abrosimova The Synelnikov family in the life and work of D. I. Yavorntskyi. P. 21.
  • For letters from H. P. Alekseev to D. Yavorntsky, see: ESYA. Vol. 3. P. 8–27.